ZET Mevcut su ve toprak kaynaklarını entegre ve sürdürülebilir biçimde kullanmak günümüz sulama ve tarım uygulamalarının vazgeçilmez unsurudur. Uygun olmayan kalitedeki sularla sulamanın özellikle tarım alanlarında geri dönüşü son derece masraflı veya mümkün olmayan hasarlar vereceği bilinmektedir. Farklı sektörlerin suya olan talebi ve tarımda su ihtiyacı artan kuraklıkla paralel olarak artmaktadır. Mevcut iyi kalitedeki suyu kullanma rekabeti dışında bu suların hali hazırda ki kalitelerinin bozulması, sınırlı olan bu doğal kaynağın tarım için daha da elverişsiz hale gelmesine neden olmaktadır. Sulama artık sadece suyun toprakta hareket etmesi ve bitkiler tarafından kullanılması olarak tanımlanmamaktadır. Sulama aynı zamanda başlı başına kompleks bir kimyasal reaksiyon özelliği taşımaktadır. Toprakta killere bağlı olarak ve sulama suyunda mevcut iyonların toprak partikülleri etrafındaki tepkimelerine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilecek kimyasal reaksiyonların uzun dönemde toprak kalitesi ve kısa dönemde de bitki tepkisine olan etkileri iyice anlaşılmalı ve yorumlanabilmelidir. SWS ABD-Tuzluluk laboratuarı (USDA-ARS E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. SWS diğer bilinen modellerden farklı olarak su ve toprak kimyası üzerine simülasyonlar yapmakta, kullanılabilir kolay ara yüzü sayesinde su ve toprak kimyası üzerinde çAlright fazla bilgiye sahip olmayan kullanıcılar ve karar vericiler için dahi son derece kullanışlı ve yorumlanabilir çıktılar vermektedir.
This paper offers regional convective boiling measurements inside of a micro-fin tube for 3 reduced world wide warming prospective (GWP) refrigerants: R448A, R449A, and R452B11 R452B may be the pending ASHRAE designation with the combination R32/ R125/R1234yf (67/seven/26), which has the developmental designation DR-55.Look at all notes . An current correlation was modified to forecast multi-element mixtures, which predicted 98% in the measurements to in ± 20%. The new correlation was utilized to match the warmth transfer coefficient of your three test fluids at the identical heat flux, saturated refrigerant temperature, and refrigerant mass flux. The resulting comparison showed that refrigerant R452B exhibited the highest warmth transfer, in large part because of its roughly 28% more substantial liquid thermal conductivity and smaller sized temperature glide when compared to the tested reduced-GWP refrigerants.
This paper employs the GARCH system to estimate time-varying specific firm chance actions with the mining sector. Usually, the mining sector is riskier than the marketplace with estimated betas bigger than a person. The outcomes also show that the extent of possibility inside the sector is kind of risky and might be divided into 3 distinctive time periods according to the magnitude and variability on the business's betas.
This paper defines the news impression curve that steps how new data is incorporated into volatility estimates. Different new and current ARCH types, including a partly nonparametric one particular, are in comparison and believed with day by day Japanese stock return details. New diagnostic tests are offered that emphasize the asymmetry of your volatility reaction to news.
Two essays within the dynamics of environmental complex effectiveness in EU member and candidate countries
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are actually thought of for examining the potential of small GWP refrigerants in experimental setups. On this analyze, the aptitude of utilizing R449A like a lower GWP replacement of R404A in different temperature amounts of a supermarket refrigeration system is investigated by an ANN model properly trained utilizing industry measurements as enter. The supermarket refrigeration was composed of two indirect growth circuits operated at very low and medium temperatures and external subcooling. The final results predicted that R449A provides, on average, a higher ten% and five% COP than R404A at reduced and medium temperatures, respectively.
Irrespective of cooling ability of R448A is a little bit underneath that of R404A, R448A Vitality consumption is even smaller; and R448A COP is larger than that attained using R404A. Therefore, it could be concluded that R448A could possibly be an energy economical alternate to R404A by using a GWP reduction of 70%. Compressor discharge temperature stays at non-harmful degrees.
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The outcome indicated that the two utilised kinds of IHX elements improved the Vitality effectiveness from the procedure although the benefit Along with the analyzed plate variety IHX situation was better. Also, the alternative refrigerant R442A can be desired as an alternative for R404A because of the improved Vitality general performance of the procedure. The thermal efficiency of IHX units plus the volumetric efficiency in the compressor are considered as effectively for that evaporation and condenser temperatures covered.
On the other hand, even in greatest‐scenario scrap source situations, CO2e emissions in the copper sector raise 25% by 2040 relative to 2018 because of demand advancement, ore quality decline, and lower displacement among substantial scrap offer improvements. With implementation of greatest available technologies throughout all source chain factors, we estimated 2040 CO2e emissions 10% beneath These of 2018 are achievable, however however perfectly in need of 2°C emissions targets. We find expanding mine taxes and royalties, reclamation expenses, and exploration fees more improve displacement, as does the inclusion of scrap prices on important futures exchanges. These benefits spotlight the significance of thinking of the economics of your complete substance source chain when applying material effectiveness approaches. This post fulfilled the requirements for any Gold‐Gold JIE information more info openness badge described at .
There have been some contradictory between the impacts of futures agreement for the volatility of fundamental asset. From the just one side, some researches concluded that futures transaction influence to underlying asset volatility, but in another side stated the long run agreement not had effects on the volatility of fundamental asset. The results weren't robust still. Futures market place in Indonesia began with LQ45 futures. The LQ45 futures had been stopped in 2009, just only nine yrs soon after it had been opened. And afterwards, just after seven several years off, the LQ45 futures began be operated on February 1, 2016.
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Este articulo se estudia el comportamiento de edificios de muchos pisos considerando simultaneamente las propiedades espaciales del sistema estructural y de las acciones sismicas, mediante la utilizacion de un modelo del sistema estructural que considera la deformacion de la losa en su plano y una funcion de excitacion del desplazamiento sismico del suelo no uniforme en el sentido longitudinal ... [Show complete abstract] del edificio. son desarrolladas las ecuaciones del movimiento, las funciones respuesta cinetica del sistema (estado de desplazamientos), las funciones solicitacion dinamica (fuerzas sismicas) y un modelo de estructura sustituta analoga al oscilador de un grado de lobertad en terminos de coeficientes de forma espaciales, un coeficiente dinamico y unas funciones seudo-espectrales espaciales.